Indigenous Peoples and Artificial Intelligence: Defending Rights through Principles of Respect and Consent

This Indigenous Peoples’ Day, we highlight how respect and consent must guide both engagement and the ethical use of artificial intelligence.

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Today, August 9, the world comes together to celebrate the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. From the rain forests of Latin America to the savannas of Africa, the islands of Asia, the mountains of Oceania, and the Arctic’s tundras, Indigenous Peoples continue to protect the world’s biodiversity, safeguard traditional knowledge, and uphold cultures rooted in deep connection to the land.

Indigenous Peoples nurture an extraordinary range of living traditions, from practices and skills to knowledge systems and expressions that embody values of respect, care, and reciprocity with nature. These traditions also strengthen understanding of the many worldviews and value systems that guide Indigenous relationships with the natural world.

By practicing and passing on this heritage, Indigenous communities sustain their vitality, resilience, and collective well‑being.

Indigenous Peoples’ Day is more vital today than at any point in history because the challenges we face — climate change, biodiversity loss, and the rapid rise of new technologies — demand the wisdom, leadership, and rights of Indigenous Peoples at the center of global solutions.

Indigenous Peoples and local communities safeguard at least half of the world’s lands, which host the majority of its biodiversity. Their living heritage — knowledge, practices, and values rooted in respect, stewardship, and reciprocity with nature — offers proven pathways for addressing today’s climate and ecological crises. When forests are under threat, when species are disappearing, and when climate impacts intensify, Indigenous Peoples stand as guardians of balance between humanity and the natural world.

Authentic engagement, and Free, Prior and Informed Consent

This day also reminds us of the principles that must guide our actions when engaging with Indigenous brothers and sisters: respect, authentic engagement, and Free, Prior and Informed Consent. Just as Indigenous Peoples decide how their knowledge and culture are shared, so too must the world ensure that emerging tools, like artificial intelligence, are used ethically — amplifying Indigenous voices rather than appropriating them.

Our Managing Director, Minnie Degawan, provided insights on the principles of engagement with Indigenous People on a webinar with Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL). She reminds us that true engagement with Indigenous Peoples must be built on respect, trust, and consent. Entering Indigenous territories means entering someone’s home.

Minnie Degawan, Managing Director of the FSC Indigenous Foundation

Authentic engagement requires listening, co-creation, and collaboration — not one-time consultations, but continuous relationships grounded in dignity. For the private sector, this means building trust that leads to long-term partnerships, social license to operate, and more sustainable outcomes. For governments, it strengthens legitimacy, ensures policies are culturally appropriate, and supports effective climate and biodiversity action. In both cases, relationship-building is not just respectful — it is essential for lasting impact.

Consent is not a checklist. It is a living dialogue — a spectrum that ranges from “No” to “Maybe,” “Yes if,” and “Yes;” always shaped by cultural traditions and community voices. One way communities express this is through art and photography: choosing what stories to share, how to share them, and with whom.

ENGITOK – the Maasai woman, Photo contest, 2023

Indigenous Data Sovereignty: A Global Call for Ethical Technology

Just as photographs require consent and respect, so too must the use of new technologies like artificial intelligence. Indigenous Peoples must retain control over their knowledge, images, and voices and how and when these are used. Technology should amplify Indigenous self-representation, not appropriate it.

A powerful example comes from Aotearoa (New Zealand), where Māori leaders are shaping the conversation on artificial intelligence. At the Aotearoa Artificial Intelligence Summit, experts like Dr. Karaitiana Taiuru, Elle Archer, and Moka Apiti emphasized that Māori data must be treated as taonga — a treasure protected under Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi). They reminded us that engaging with Indigenous communities in AI development requires relationship-building, long-term commitment, and respect for cultural protocols, from pronouncing names correctly to involving communities from the very beginning. Their message was clear: AI must not be a tool of extraction but a means to amplify collective wisdom, safeguard cultural heritage, and uphold Indigenous data sovereignty. This vision echoes the principles of engagement — respect, trust, and reciprocity — that are essential for all Indigenous Peoples worldwide. (Culture & Design Lab, 2023) ¹

During the 2025 International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples virtual webinar, Indigenous Peoples and AI: Defending Rights, Shaping Futures, hosted by the Indigenous Peoples Development Branch, the Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, powerful voices from Indigenous panelists echoed a clear message: artificial intelligence must be ethical, inclusive, and grounded in Indigenous rights.

As Aluki Kotierk, Inuk leader and Chair of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, stated: “Without safeguards, AI risks a new form of colonization, coded in algorithms that shape our lives. To ensure that AI serves Indigenous Peoples, we must have a rights-based approach. Indigenous Peoples must guide AI development, and data governance is essential.”

During the webinar panelist Danielle Boyer, an Indigenous Ojibwe youth robotics inventor, expressed “People often forget that we, as Indigenous Peoples, have always been inventors, scientists, and engineers. Our youth are brilliant—my students are creating apps, founding organizations, designing robots, and building solutions. They already have the tools we need to shape the future.” Danielle explained that what’s missing are the opportunities—such as the ability to speak directly with large corporations and bridge the gap between them and Indigenous communities.

Closing remarks:

On this Indigenous Peoples’ Day, we are reminded that respect, trust, and consent are the foundation of ethical engagement. Whether in climate action, biodiversity conservation, or artificial intelligence, Indigenous Peoples must remain at the center as rights-holders and leaders, especially Indigenous youth as they are essential to this future — bringing innovation, knowledge, and commitment to their communities.

Now is the time to advocate, support, and share — so Indigenous voices lead the way forward.

Source:

Culture & Design Lab (2023). Engaging with Māori in Artificial Intelligence. Culture & Design Lab.

https://cultureanddesignlab.com/blog/article-145901

From the Ground to the Global Stage: Indigenous Women Prepare for COP30

A regional training co-organized by DGM Global, Conservation International, and the FSC Indigenous Foundation during Panama Climate Week 2025

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During Panama Climate Week 2025, a powerful gathering of Indigenous women leaders from across Latin America took place. The Capacity Building Workshop for Indigenous Women to Advocate in Climate and Biodiversity Negotiations—organized by the Dedicated Grant Mechanism (DGM), Conservation International, and the FSC Indigenous Foundation—created a space for dialogue, learning, and collective action. Participants from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Brazil, and Guatemala came together to strengthen their technical skills, exchange experiences, and deepen their impact on global environmental governance. Whether already engaged in national advocacy or beginning their journey, they shared a common commitment: advancing Indigenous leadership in climate and biodiversity negotiations.

Reflections of Indigenous Women Leaders

Learning emerges not only through technical knowledge but also through intergenerational dialogue and the revitalization of ancestral wisdom. During the workshop, participants shared several reflections:

The COP began 33 years ago, but the commitments established have not progressed significantly over the past three decades. It was observed that many decisions remain concentrated in the hands of governments, and that it is necessary to integrate ancestral knowledge into climate policies to ensure progress that is both sustainable and collective.

Participants also recognized the complexity of climate issues and noted that these are often not communicated in ways that are accessible to communities. They called for technical concepts to be translated into more understandable formats so that communities can engage with them within their own contexts. Although these issues may seem new in international forums, they have long existed within Indigenous peoples’ ancestral practices, worldviews, and values.

“These issues are not new to us. What we need is for our way of naming them to be recognized,” mentioned one participant.

Young People Leading the Way

The new generations of Indigenous Peoples are prepared to confront the challenge of climate change from their own realities and perspectives. Among them are young professionals who are combining traditional knowledge with formal training to advocate for their communities on a global stage. One of the most inspiring moments was hearing from young Indigenous women, who voiced their concerns and aspirations to be agents of change within their communities. They spoke about bringing solutions and raising their peoples’ voices in international arenas.

Rosibel Rodríguez Gallardo, from the Ngäbe people of southern Costa Rica, shared:

“It is a privilege to participate for the first time in an international gathering of Indigenous women in Panama. I want to learn a lot so I can share it with my people.”

This generational shift—rooted in respect for and continuity of ancestral knowledge—is a sign of enduring commitment to the Indigenous struggle for environmental and climate justice.

A Partnership for the Future

The meeting also provided an opportunity to build support networks among Indigenous women from different countries, promote mutual learning, and strengthen each participant’s leadership. The young women demonstrated their commitment to their communities and to continuing to influence the climate agenda.

From left to right: Rosibel Rodríguez Gallardo and Yeshing Upún

Yeshing Upún, Maya Kaqchikel and a member of the Indigenous Women’s Network on Biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean, shared:

“It is a pleasure to exchange experiences and knowledge, but above all, to join efforts and raise our voices in response to the different proposals that will be developed in the framework of COP30 and the ongoing biodiversity negotiations.” — Yeshing Upún

At the close of Climate Week, Minnie Degawan, Managing Director of the FSC Indigenous Foundation, reflected:

“Climate Week should be more sensitive to the cultural aspects of the local people.”

Her words remind us that it is not possible to move toward a just climate future without active listening, deep respect, and genuine inclusion of those who have protected life in harmony with Mother Earth since time immemorial.

Sineia do Vale – Co-chair of the Indigenous Peoples Caucus

Climate Justice with a Voice: A Step Toward COP30

As the world looks ahead to COP30 in Belém, Indigenous women are not only strengthening their leadership but also building the technical knowledge required to engage in international climate negotiations. While the Panama workshop focused on capacity building, advocacy strategies, and peer learning, it was also part of a larger effort to ensure that Indigenous women are equipped to participate meaningfully in formal spaces like the 62nd session of the Subsidiary Bodies (SB62) under the UNFCCC process.

Held in parallel with Panama Climate Week 2025, this gathering complemented other preparatory efforts—such as technical trainings hosted earlier in June by partners including the International Indigenous Forum on Climate Change (IIFCC), the International Indigenous Youth Forum on Climate Change (IIYFCC), DOCIP, Nia Tero, and the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples (UNVFIP). Those sessions focused on the structure and agenda of SB62 and its relevance to COP30, including key negotiation tracks like the Global Goal on Adaptation and Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

Together, these efforts underscore the importance of linking political advocacy with technical readiness, ensuring Indigenous women are not only visible in global climate spaces but fully prepared to shape the outcomes.

Closing Reflections

As the world moves toward COP30 in Belém, the voices, knowledge, and leadership of Indigenous women must remain at the center of climate and biodiversity negotiations. This workshop, made possible through the collaboration between DGM Global, Conservation International, and the FSC Indigenous Foundation, reaffirmed the power of partnerships in creating spaces where Indigenous women can build skills, share knowledge, and shape global agendas. Strengthening these alliances is essential to ensuring that Indigenous women are not only present in decision-making spaces—but are leading efforts to build a more just and sustainable future for all.

By Maria De Leon (FSC Indigenous Foundation) and Lidiane Castro (Conservation International)

We are Lenca Women

Lenca Indigenous Women lead cultural revitalization and economic empowerment

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From September 4-6, 2024, the Gathering of Lenca Indigenous Women took place in the community of Yamaranguila in Intibucá, Honduras. This significant event under the Indigenous Women’s Economic Empowerment Initiative (I-WEE) was born from a collective desire expressed by the Lenca women’s organizations the FSC Indigenous Foundation is working with. The Gathering was a space for exchange of knowledge and experiences among Lenca women for the revitalization of the Lenca culture.

The event was developed around four core themes, each addressing critical aspects of Lenca identity: spirituality, traditional food, mother language, and traditional plant medicine. It was organized with the support of an Organizing Committee of delegates nominated by all the organizations.

The meeting began with a spiritual ceremony led by the Auxiliary of the Vara Alta, a traditional Lenca Indigenous institution of Intibucá and Yamaranguila. Next, Regina Jun, Acting Director of the Program Office of USAID Honduras, gave opening remarks, highlighting the crucial role of Indigenous women in preserving the rich culture of their peoples. Carlos Blandón, Director of the Indigenous Peoples Alliance for Rights and Development (IPARD) Program implemented by the FSC Indigenous Foundation, recognized Indigenous women as fundamental pillars of the development of their Peoples, who have an intrinsic connection with Mother Earth, their families, communities, and territories. Leila Reyes, Indigenous Affairs Officer of the Foundation and an Indigenous Lenca woman, explained the Gathering’s objective to strengthen Lenca culture based on the four priority areas.

Lenca Indigenous Spirituality

The Lenca worldview is deeply intertwined with nature, and their spiritual practices, such as “La Compostura” and “El Guancasco,” reflect this connection. Members of the Auxiliary of the Vara Alta de Intibucá demonstrated these symbolism-rich ceremonies. Then participants engaged in discussions about their significance and the challenges of preserving these traditions.

The “Guancasco” is a ceremony that promotes forgiveness and reconciliation between Peoples, traditionally celebrating peace and friendship between brothers and sisters. In the Lenca language, “Guanco” signifies brother and “Guanca” sister. The ceremony’s symbolic elements themselves have been passed down from generation to generation, such as the wooden mask, drum, baton, flags, and whistle. The ceremony involves the construction of two altars and represents a syncretism between Lenca spirituality and the Catholic Church.

The “Compostura” is a ceremony of thanksgiving and prayer to Mother Earth and the Creator, traditionally performed before planting or cultivating maize or beans. The ceremony is also an act of healing and includes an offering of chilcate, cacao, and copal – an incense that is food for the soul. The ceremony leads to unity, and harmony, and inspires people to return to their roots.

In the discussion, participants highlighted that Lenca cultural and spiritual practices are related to Mother Earth, for example, the phases of the moon. One participant noted that her ancestors cultivated crops according to the phases of the moon and always had abundant results. The Compostura also involves a deep respect for Mother Earth, since she represents life itself because she has the infinite capacity to bear fruit. The most important and significant Composturas of the Lenca People are for the planting and harvesting of corn, performed periodically throughout the year.

Lenca Traditional Gastronomy

Food in Lenca culture is not just sustenance but a sacred gift from the Creator. In the dialogue on Lenca traditional foods, the Indigenous women explored the cultural importance of these foods, particularly those made from corn and beans.
Lenca gastronomy is an expression of connection with Mother Earth and her elements and includes traditional dishes such as atol shuco (a maize drink), and different corn and bean stews. Lenca food is traditionally cultivated and prepared from ingredients grown under the sun, to nourish both the body and the spirit.

During this space, participants reflected on the profound relationship between food and culture as well as challenges faced in the revitalization of Lenca gastronomy. Fast food, food processed with chemicals, and gradual loss of culture and language are leading to the disappearance of Lenca traditional food, which used to be passed down from generation to generation. Another key challenge mentioned was the impact of climate change on the seasons and agriculture. In addition, existing limitations on women’s legal access to land also make it more difficult for them to preserve and maintain traditions.

Women proposed solutions, for example to use social media to promote Lenca food and culture to future generations.
The session concluded with sharing recipes and tasting different traditional dishes.

Reviving the Lenca Language

Given the loss of fluent speakers and the scarcity of written records, revitalizing the Lenca language is a priority for cultural preservation. Participants engaged in discussions and practical exercises to compile and share traditional words and phrases, highlighting the role of youth in preserving their linguistic heritage. During the event participants received a guide and basic dictionary of some words in the Lenca language.

“Language is important to our identity, it’s part of what makes us who we really are,” said Sandra Veronica Zerón, facilitator of this theme of the Gathering.

Plants as Sources of Traditional Lenca Medicine

The Lenca People have a deep ancestral knowledge of plants and their healing properties. Historically they have used this knowledge in their traditional medicine, a practice that has been orally transmitted from generation to generation, in which women play a key role.

However, these practices are now under threat. For example, deforestation and logging have caused many species to become extinct, and with them the knowledge and practices of Indigenous Peoples. Lidia Reyes, an ethnobotanical researcher, moderated this space for reflection and began the dialogue with the following question: “When cutting down a single tree, how many lives are lost with it?”

Participants formed groups to share knowledge and experience in the use of plants and their properties – such as oregano, chamomile, basil, ginger, pine, and lime.

“With each pine acorn, thousands of forests can be regenerated, and for each fungus that is left to throw spores, thousands of forests are regenerated. But iron and oil, which have replaced the resin of the trees, are not renewable. The day they disappear we will no longer have the fundamental elements for life,” said Lidia Reyes.

Event highlights

The event coincided with the International Day of Indigenous Women on September 5th, providing an opportunity to honor the crucial role Lenca women play in their families and communities. Each of the fourteen participating organizations received a symbolic piece of art painted by children attending the art school Lenca Chalchiguas in recognition of their historic work for the rights of women and Indigenous Peoples.

One of our partner organizations in Honduras, ARCILI, an organization for Lenca Peoples with visual disabilities participated in the event with Braille material promoting their inclusion in the activities. “The group of people with disabilities, in this case represented by ARCILI in this Gathering, has participated just like the other organizations and this is positive,” said Ruben Vasquz, ARCILI.

Understanding that childcare responsibilities can be a barrier for Indigenous women to participate in activities of interest, FSC-IF implemented a strategy to enable Lenca mothers to participate fully in the event. Children participated in culturally appropriate activities that followed the same four key areas of the Gathering, enabling mothers to engage in the exchange of knowledge, and for the children to play and learn about Lenca culture together.

The path ahead

This Gathering marked a significant step towards the cultural and economic empowerment of Lenca Indigenous women, ensuring that their identity and culture thrive for future generations. It recognized that Indigenous women are the guardians, protectors and defenders of Mother Earth, natural resources, tradition, and culture, promoting their role as a bridge for inter-scientific and intercultural dialogue. It is essential to continue recognizing, valuing and strengthening their fundamental role within their Peoples.

“Women should not crawl; they should have the momentum to fly. I know everyone has this impulse today.”
Rosario Garcia, Coordinator of the Table of Unity of the Lenca Indigenous People (MUPILH).

Participants stated the need to document the wisdom and practices of the Lenca People.
As a next step, we are working to document the knowledge shared during the Gathering and will share it with the participating women’s organizations to ensure that these invaluable insights will continue to benefit the Lenca community.

We invite organizations and entities to become our financial and technical partners to continue and multiply the important impact of I-WEE and other crucial initiatives. If your organization or business is interested in collaborating with us and with Indigenous women for sustainable change, we invite you to connect at  fsc.if@fsc.org. 

About I-WEE

The I-WEE initiative works with Indigenous women and girls in Guatemala and Honduras to promote their economic empowerment by strengthening capacities, generating enabling environments for their active participation and advocacy, and strengthening productive initiatives led by Indigenous women. It is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) with private sector partners.

About FSC Indigenous Foundation

The FSC Indigenous Foundation is a global Indigenous organization promoting Indigenous-led actions for their development and self-reliance. We work to elevate Indigenous Peoples in their contribution to the protection of Mother Earth and recognize them as providers of solutions and partners to fight against global challenges.

Leadership and economic empowerment among Ogiek Women in Mau, Kenya

32 women participated in a workshop on leadership, negotiation and group dynamics for their management of Indigenous businesses

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In the heart of the Mau Forest, Kenya, a transformative initiative is underway for Ogiek Indigenous women leading socio-economic empowerment of their businesses and communities.

Through a collaborative effort between the Ogiek Peoples’ Development Program (OPDP) and the FSC Indigenous Foundation (FSC-IF), the “Promoting Socio-Economic Empowerment among Ogiek Women of Mau” project is designed to equip women leaders with essential skills in leadership and business management, fostering their ability to create sustainable economic opportunities.

Ogiek women, who have long faced significant challenges due to historical injustices and marginalization, are developing the skills and tools they need to thrive so they can advocate for their community’s rights and future. In the project, 16 women’s groups have been selected to receive seed funding and relevant training, using a train-the-trainers methodology.

Day 1: Leadership and Group Management

The workshop, held in Nakuru, Kenya in July 2024, began with a prayer and participant introductions, where attendees shared their names and affiliations. Ms. Eunice Chepkemoi from OPDP outlined the workshop’s goals, emphasizing the importance of empowering Ogiek women. Christopher Kipkones, Chairperson of OPDP Board, officially opened the workshop and highlighted the significance of the workshop for enhancing socio-economic projects in the community. He reiterated OPDP’s mission to address historical injustices and improve the socio-economic status of Ogiek women.

The first training session, led by Mary Omukhango from Uwezo Fund, a Kenya government empowerment fund, focused on effective group formation and management. Participants learned about different types of groups, the benefits of collaboration, and the five stages of group development. In the second session, participants were guided through drafting group constitutions, emphasizing the importance of governance and collaboration. The day concluded with discussions on potential funding sources and the value of networking for sustainability.

“It is not wrong to be born poor, but it is wrong to die poor,” said Eunice Chepkemoi, underscoring the session’s theme of empowerment and self-sufficiency.

Day 2: Leadership and Business Skills
The second day centered on leadership qualities and the development of viable business ideas. Participants discussed the attributes of effective leaders and the challenges they may face, including disagreements and need for vision. Key roles within groups were defined, with shared experiences underscoring the necessity for transparency in managing group resources. Participants were encouraged to explore market opportunities and adapt to changing environments.

“Know who you are; you are more than what you think you are,” said the facilitator, emphasizing a message of empowerment.

The session also included brainstorming business ideas, with groups presenting innovative concepts that addressed community needs. Mary Omukhango the facilitator, emphasized the importance of collective agreement on business initiatives to ensure commitment.

Day 3: Business and Management Skills

The final day began with a recap of previous sessions, reinforcing the idea that business is essential for poverty eradication. The first session covered branding and advertising, highlighting the importance of creating a unique brand identity and effective marketing strategies. Participants learned about the significance of clear communication and customer understanding.

Subsequent discussions focused on the necessity of accurate record keeping for transparency and the vital role of monitoring and evaluation in project management. Participants were encouraged to adopt recommendations for sustainability, including capacity building and diversifying income sources.

In closing, Daniel Kobei, Executive Director of OPDP urged participants to share their knowledge within the Ogiek community and to innovate for financial independence. He framed the training as the beginning of their empowerment journey, emphasizing the importance of applying what they learned for their collective success.

“We will follow up on your projects to ensure they are on the right track, do work for the community and apply what you have learned. This is just the beginning of your journey towards empowerment and success,” he said.

Follow our website and social media for the latest updates on how these sixteen Ogiek women’s groups are leading transformative change.

We invite organizations and entities to become our financial and technical partners to continue and multiply the important impact of this project and other crucial initiatives. If your organization or business is interested in collaborating with us and with Indigenous women for sustainable change, we invite you to connect at fsc.if@fsc.org. 

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